In many countries, including the United States, it is NOT possible to patent or trademark a perfume formula. This is because fragrance formulas are considered to be trade secrets, and are not disclosed to the public. However, it is possible to trademark a perfume name and the associated branding elements, such as logos and packaging designs.

It is important for fragrance companies to protect their perfume formulas as trade secrets, as these formulas can be a valuable asset and provide a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Trade secrets are protected by law, and companies can take legal action against anyone who discloses or uses their trade secrets without permission.

In some cases, fragrance companies may also choose to apply for a patent on a specific technology or process used in the production of their perfumes, such as a new extraction method for a particular ingredient. However, these patents would not cover the fragrance formula itself, but rather the specific innovation or invention that is being patented.

So while it is not possible to patent or trademark a perfume formula, fragrance companies can protect their trade secrets and intellectual property through other means, such as trademarking their brand and taking legal action against those who violate their trade secret rights.